Essay --

In 2006, Felipe Calderà ³n- former president of Mexico launched a joint operation with the United States in an effort to massively crackdown against drug trafficking and their organizations. According to the LA Times, upwards of forty thousand people have been killed in drug-related violence as of June 2011 since it’s meager beginnings in 2006. While the United States has supplied funding and labor in order to support Mexico in undertaking the war on drug trafficking, their primary focus has been more closely focused on increase border patrolling. For decades and decades drug trafficking organizations, henceforth known as cartels, have been using their strong and dangerous influence in order to transform Mexico’s tight-knit government and groups of citizens into a state of country-wide corruption that has ensured protection for cartels doing illegal practices. Since the time President Calderà ³n took his oath for office in 2006 with a pledge to eliminate these traffic king institutions, drug violence has rose quickly and it is moving extremely aggressively, but Calderà ³n and his administration worked quickly in order to promote laws that were part of a strategy made specific in order to handle the situation. This trafficking from Mexico to the United States is starting to become a major player in the role that drugs are playing in America. Mexico is one of the prime contributors of heroin to the U.S. market, and undoubtedly the largest foreign supplier of methamphetamine, cocaine and marijuana. Mexican production of all three of these drugs have increased alarmingly since 2005, proportionately with the total of all drugs seized at the border between both countries, according to a 2011 report from the U.S. Department of Justice. While ma... ...s number is growing as territories expand across the world and as the success of the drug trafficking means better money to many of the citizens the poverty-stricken Mexican towns who make the bare minimum (if that) wages. Usually those that are electing to participate in these trafficking jobs are young men with hardly any education, most are drop-outs that come from under privileged economic backgrounds with an average age of eighteen with higher social and monetary aspirations than they can satisfy by working legally and morally. Drug trafficking creates an annual revenue of four hundred billion, and in turn represents eight percent of the world's trade. With a problem so massive that it affects two continents and billions of people, it comes as no surprise that coming to a place of peace and understanding is one of the most difficult things about this situation. Essay -- In 2006, Felipe Calderà ³n- former president of Mexico launched a joint operation with the United States in an effort to massively crackdown against drug trafficking and their organizations. According to the LA Times, upwards of forty thousand people have been killed in drug-related violence as of June 2011 since it’s meager beginnings in 2006. While the United States has supplied funding and labor in order to support Mexico in undertaking the war on drug trafficking, their primary focus has been more closely focused on increase border patrolling. For decades and decades drug trafficking organizations, henceforth known as cartels, have been using their strong and dangerous influence in order to transform Mexico’s tight-knit government and groups of citizens into a state of country-wide corruption that has ensured protection for cartels doing illegal practices. Since the time President Calderà ³n took his oath for office in 2006 with a pledge to eliminate these traffic king institutions, drug violence has rose quickly and it is moving extremely aggressively, but Calderà ³n and his administration worked quickly in order to promote laws that were part of a strategy made specific in order to handle the situation. This trafficking from Mexico to the United States is starting to become a major player in the role that drugs are playing in America. Mexico is one of the prime contributors of heroin to the U.S. market, and undoubtedly the largest foreign supplier of methamphetamine, cocaine and marijuana. Mexican production of all three of these drugs have increased alarmingly since 2005, proportionately with the total of all drugs seized at the border between both countries, according to a 2011 report from the U.S. Department of Justice. While ma... ...s number is growing as territories expand across the world and as the success of the drug trafficking means better money to many of the citizens the poverty-stricken Mexican towns who make the bare minimum (if that) wages. Usually those that are electing to participate in these trafficking jobs are young men with hardly any education, most are drop-outs that come from under privileged economic backgrounds with an average age of eighteen with higher social and monetary aspirations than they can satisfy by working legally and morally. Drug trafficking creates an annual revenue of four hundred billion, and in turn represents eight percent of the world's trade. With a problem so massive that it affects two continents and billions of people, it comes as no surprise that coming to a place of peace and understanding is one of the most difficult things about this situation.

Starbuck’s FDI

1. Initially Starbucks expanded internationally by licensing its format to foreign operators. It soon became disenchanted with this strategy. Why? When Starbucks started its international expansion in Japan, it initially decided to license. As it is known licensing is â€Å"the method of foreign operation whereby a firm in one country agrees to permit a company in another country to use the manufacturing, processing, trademark, know-how or some other skill provided by the licensor†[1]. Advantages of licensing are obvious: it is less expensive, less risky as the risk is held by licensee and it ensures additional profitability with less initial investment. However, licensing has disadvantages and for Starbucks the main disadvantages of licensing in Japan are: †¢ This strategy did not give Starbucks the control needed to ensure that the licensees closely followed Starbucks’ successful formula. Starbucks successful formula† refers to its basic strategy: To sell the company’s own premium roasted coffee, along with freshly brewed espresso-style beverages, a variety of pastries, coffee accessories, teas, and other products, in a tastefully designed coffeehouse setting and also providing superior customer service[2]. Starbucks found it necessary to successfully replicate the look, feel, and experience of an American Starbucks that is why Starbucks transferred American employees to the Japanese stores to help train workers in the Starbucks way. With licensing Starbucks had limited control of expansion rate. Simultaneously with entering the market in Japan, in US Starbucks developed new cold beverage (Frappuchino) with Pepsi, signed contract with Dreyer’s for making ice cream. However, the expansion rate in Japan was not controlled under licensing agreement as could be done in US and the realization of new products was slow in Japan. 2. Why do you think Starbucks has now elected to expand internationally primarily through local joint ventures, to whom it licenses its format, as opposed using to a pure licensing strategy? Joint venture is â€Å"an enterprise in which two or more investors share ownership and control over property rights and operation†[3]. In short, the advantages of joint venture are: the company can be more informed about the situation in the market and how the consumers respond to the products; the fixed costs for new product entrance are shared with the company; synergy effect can be achieved. The main disadvantages of joint ventures are that more capital investment is needed versus licensing; the financial losses and risks are higher compared to licensing; a potential conflict between partners exists. By using joint ventures Starbucks managed to share the cost and risks of developing its foreign markets with the licensee and at the same time to have higher control over the operations of the licensee. Another reason for expanding through local joint ventures was that Starbucks had access to local knowledge through the partner and can measure the process of product adaptation. Pure licensing did not give enough power to Starbucks to control which helped Starbucks to sustain competitive advantage. The pure licensing limits the important information about market situation in the country. 3. What are the advantages of a joint-venture entry mode for Starbucks over entering through wholly owned subsidiaries? On occasion, Starbucks has chosen a wholly owned subsidiary to control its foreign expansion (e. g. , in Britain and Thailand). Why? Entering a new market is always risky and is accompanied with huge costs. Using joint venture model allows Starbucks to have controls over those risks by sharing them with a local company. The advantages of joint ventures, if compared with the wholly owned subsidiaries, are the opportunities to share the costs and risks associated with entering and developing in the market, having access to greater resources as well as getting acquainted with the local market, its culture, characteristics with the help of the local partner’s experience and knowledge. An advantage of Joint venture is also the opportunity to widen economic scope fast; building reputation is often difficult, time consuming and expensive. At a joint venture, Starbucks has the opportunity to widen its economic scope without spending too much money and waiting for a long time[4]. With the Joint venture model, the local company also has incentives and motivations for the total joined success and growth. It would be much lengthier, difficult and expensive process in case of entering through wholly owned subsidiary. One more advantage of joint venture is still having large measure of control over the situation, even though the control is more limited if compared with a wholly owned subsidiary, however it gives the opportunity to have sufficient control over the local situation. A joint venture example of Starbucks is entering into a joint venture with a Swiss company, Bon Appetit Group, the largest food service company in Switzerland. The disadvantages of joint venture are the following: it takes time to build the right partnership relationship with another business, especially when the objectives of the two partners are not entirely agreed and communicated[5], or there are differences in cultural and management styles. Also control and decision making are sometimes compromised in joint ventures. Since there is an agreement that divides which one will take over a particular operation, the other may not be satisfied with how the things are worked out with another. This leads to another disadvantage of a joint venture. There would be no communication or agreement issues in case of wholly owned subsidiaries. Another disadvantage is that the profit generated in the local market is shared. There are several cases when Starbucks preferred a wholly owned subsidiary in the process of its foreign expansions. There were different reasons for making such decisions. One reason was if the country had appropriate operations up for sale. Such example was in Britain, when Starbucks acquired an existing coffee chain that was modeled after Starbucks. An American couple, originally from Seattle, had started Seattle Coffee with the intention of establishing a Starbucks like chain in Britain. The chain was already successful; some of the risks that would normally be associated with introducing a new concept to a foreign market were eliminated. The other reason of choosing a wholly owned subsidiary model would be if control was very important in the country of expansion or if the country didn’t have an appropriate joint venture partners which have prerequisites acceptable by Starbucks. In case of Thailand, Starbucks chose to shift to a wholly owned operation, after the jointed venture with Coffee Partners, a local Thai company, didn’t manage to raise capital from Thai banks for further pre-agreed expansion of Starbucks in Thailand. Thus by acquiring Coffee Partners, Starbucks had a goal to have more control over the expansion strategy in Thailand. 4. Which theory of FDI best explains the international expansion strategy adopted by Starbucks? Starbucks followed Internalization theory, which suggests that when licensing is difficult, foreign direct investment is appropriate. The theory was developed by Buckley and Casson, in 1976 and then by Hennart, in 1982 and Casson, in 1983. Initially, the theory was launched by Coase in 1937 in a national context and Hymer in 1976 in an international context. In his Doctoral Dissertation, Hymer identified two major determinants of FDI. One was the removal of competition. The other was the advantages which some firms possess in a particular activity (Hymer, 1976). [6] Advantages of Foreign Direct Investment are †¢ A firm will favor FDI over exporting as an entry strategy when transportation costs or trade barriers make exporting unattractive A firm will favor FDI over licensing when it wishes to maintain control over its technological know-how, or over its operations and business strategy, or when the firm’s capabilities are simply not amenable to licensing[7] This theory fits Starbucks wants to maintain product quality and brand identity in all countries it has internationally expanded, to be perceived in the same way in all cultures, and preserve taste preferences, work habits and ways of doing business all over the world.

Essay about Commentary on Book Two of Herodotus Histories...

Introduction This paper will offer a commentary on Herodotus’ Histories 2.129-135. Book Two of Histories concerns itself with Egypt; specifically chapters 99-182 detail rulers of Egypt both legendary and actual. Book Two is distinct from the other books in Histories as it is in this book that we predominantly experience Herodotus as an investigator. More precisely it is in Book Two that Herodotus treats first person experience not as direct evidence but as a method of assessing the accounts of others. Chapters 129-135 provide us with the tale of King Mycerinus as recounted by whom Herodotus refers to in 2.127 as simply ‘ÆGYPTIOI’. These Egyptians are referred to at various points in Book Two and at times appear to refer to what might†¦show more content†¦This portrait of Mycerinus as a kind ruler is an interesting one and appears again in Diodorus Siculus’ Library of History. However, despite his stated low opinion of Herodotus’ earl ier work, Diodorus’ account of Egypt undoubtedly has Herodotean threads running through it and for this reason alone cannot be used to support the story of Mycerinus presented in Herodotus’ Histories. Alan B. Lloyd has suggested that the view of Mycerinus as a benign ruler may have come about due to the relatively small size of his pyramid in contrast to those of Chephren and Cheops. This argument is given further credence when it is considered that one of the theories proposed for the reduction in size of Mycerinus’ pyramid was that the Pharaoh began to devote more resources to the construction of temples. However, Herodotus’ tale of Mycerinus can just as easily be read, albeit in an unusual way, as an example of the dangers of hubris. This tale also contains some of the motifs and anti-motifs of tyrants as described in the speech of Otanes at 3.80. The conventions in Otanes’ speech appear frequently when Herodotus talks about despotic rulers i n Histories. This theory of a hubristic Mycerinus character formed as part of a tyrannical tradition in Histories will be dealt with later in this paper. 2.130 At the end of 2.129 Herodotus

Roasting Definition in Chemistry

Roasting Definition: Roasting is a process in metallurgy in which a sulfide ore is heated in air. The process may convert a metal sulfide to a metal oxide or to a free metal.Example: Roasting ZnS may yield ZnO; roasting HgS may yield free Hg metal.

Choosing Good or Evil - 870 Words

Intellectual development should start at birth and end only at death. Albert Einstein We exist and we want to know love, because we were born out of love and want to get out of this world with her. Love makes us discern between good and evil, good being the natural state of our nature, and evil - a state we gain whenever neglect good. We exist and we want to know the goodness of soul, because only she can make us live in harmony. We talk about diseases as evil that could be because we do not live in harmony with divine laws, which many of us do not know, ignore others, most notably the law of love, then the other: the law of adaptation, acceptance temperance, morality, of gratitude, etc. But knowledge requires learning, feeling and†¦show more content†¦The great questions of philosophy have been: Where we come from and where were going, but spiritual and intellectual and human valences were interested, to the extent that it could think of that time. Greeks contemplate the sky, nature, a gesture not only thoughtful, but also as a necessity of knowledge, finding solutions to problems in this fortress and a miracle occurred! The time in which we talk about Greek philosophy is evident the sixth century BC. And fifth century AD It was the most important philosophical current occurred in Europe, it evolved from Roman Philosophy to Arabic, Persian, Renaissance and Enlightenment philosophy, dusting the road to modernity. Interest was the formation of man as a superior entity, ideally improving the physical, intellectual and artistic. Start to achieve the ideal of happiness is achieved in steps, in cycles. Citizen education continues beyond school age, through democratic institution. Greeks for the first time in the history of civilization, the great debate over our existence, value system, valid in our times, such as truth, happiness, justice, beauty, love, kindness, harmony, law of the state as the perfect organization, equality among citizens, property and individual respect. The ideas of homeland and patriotism were all born in Greek antiquity. Starting from the factShow MoreRelatedIgnorance is Not an Excuse Essays980 Words   |  4 PagesIgnorance is Not an Excuse We only choose what we think is good and if anyone chooses evil it must be through ignorance. Plato believes that we always choose good unless we are ignorant. Plato claims being ignorant would be the only excuse for choosing evil. His views of this are apparent in the Meno. As I read up on whether or not we deliberately choose evil I realized there are many sides, many ways to answer this question. My opinion is not as clear as I thought. 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A man has free will in choosing what life to partake in, but must keep in mind that with free will comes theRead MoreChristianity And Politics : God Versus The City Of Man1426 Words   |  6 Pageswhile the busy life is â€Å"devoted to conducting human affairs (Augustine 142).† The final good is the good which is â€Å"for the sake of which other things are desired† while the final evil is that â€Å"which other things are avoided (Augustine 141).† When one reaches the final good it should make him happy, but no matter what life one chooses it may not lead him to obtain this ultimate happiness. A man has free will in choosing what life to partake in, but must keep in mind that with free will comes the responsibility

Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business

Question: Describe about the Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business? Answer: Introduction: The major aim of present research was to foresee variations in administrative nationality performance by behaviour and managerial environment with examples derived from a community part association. Administrations nowadays, have to repeatedly discover novel habits to produce in answer to always altering encounters. In current active place of work, fruitful administrations want workers who would do additional than their part necessities. When workforces frequently smear movements that exceed their authorised discrete provisions, they grow the complete operational of the association. Organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is stated as set of optional place of work actions that surpass ones rudimentary job necessities (Escribano and Espejo, 2010). Theyre frequently labelled as activities which go outside the sound of responsibility. Investigation of OCB has been widespread meanwhile its beginning. In 1988 Organ, opposed that OCB is said to be vivacious to the existence of an association. Organ additional enlarged that OCB can make the most of the competence efficiency of together the worker the association that eventually donate to the actual operative of a group. On the whole, organizational citizenship comprises a diversity of actions, for example serving additional workers, offering for additional work, or on behalf of the association in an optimistic light (Alizadeh et al., 2012). Though, more exactly describing, elucidating forecasting organizational citizenship behaviours have showed to be a somewhat problematic effort. For instance, a diversity of dissimilar classifications of OCB kinds have been planned castoff in investigation, with an significant difference completed amid those kinds of OCBs whose recipient is a lone additional separate (example, serving a novel worker get over his/ her initial time on the work) v/s a cluster of persons or an anonymous shared (example, offering the group in an optimistic light to unknowns). Analysis: Therefore, the important drive of the present investigation is to examine the helpfulness of a dissimilar set of possible OCB experiences apparent managerial environment character issues, in the setting of other OCB experiences which have been beforehand considered. For the current investigation reading managerial environment is explained as a set of apparent qualities of a group its subsystems as reproduced in the method an association transactions with its memberships, clusters and matters. Administrative environment is a wide build contained various measurements that catches a large number of the components said as forerunners of hierarchical citizenship practices. Administrative atmosphere scales can take advantage of undertaking attributes, authoritative qualities, and even authority attributes (Carpenter, Berry and Houston, 2013). In a fundamental article, Schneider recommended that administrative atmosphere impacts people's conduct in light of the fact that they attempt to "adjust to accomplish a homeostatic parity with their mental surroundings" (1975). It has been recommended that ace social administrative atmospheres, those described as warm, inviting, steady, and helpful, support hierarchical citizenship practices. By and large, admi nistrative atmospheres, which encourage standards of correspondence, ought to prompt expanded rates of hierarchical citizenship practices. Readings propose that organizational citizenship is a concept which donates to managerial efficiency presentation additional significant consequences for establishments. Though bulk of readings have concentrated on the predecessor of OCB has caused in not more than conclusive suppositions. It is expected that the consequence of this reading will be of hypothetical applied implication. As stated that there are 5 hypotheses: H1: Managerial Environment will be unquestionably connected to OCB. H2: Persona will be genuinely joined with OCB. H3: OCBI will be genuinely affected by persona issues and administrative atmosphere. H4: OCBO will be essentially impacted by identity components and administrative atmosphere. H5: Administrators differ in their OCB as for sexual orientation, age and conjugal status. The specialists involved for this perusing were focal and least level directors; they're professionally able with useful and official works. Totally 250 overviews were scattered to the administrators of which just 220 were gathered back and 215 were discovered complete that are taken for last investigation. The example comprised of 58% male and 42% female. Administrative atmosphere is a multifaceted wonder that is by all accounts associated with specialist guarantee, worker recalling, conclusions of the affiliation, laborer presentation. Studies on the association between administrative atmosphere OCBs are shaky and. Then again, there've been various readings in regards to the relationship in the midst of choice making environment OCB (Bukhari, 2009). The consequences in this reading delivered support that managerial climate is definitely connected to OCB. This reading indorses elucidates the connection amid nature and OCB. The info displays that all the persona influences (with the exception of neuroticism) are definitely connected to both extents of OCB. It consequently delivers substantial sustenance for the all-purpose theory connecting character factor-OCB association. The relationship of identity variables with OCB shows administrators high on extraversion reported that higher level of helping conduct coordinated towards association (OCBO) and in addition towards people (OCBI). This implies that the amiability and kind disposition of extraverts lead to helping conduct toward others and association. It is conceivable that their association with associates is all the more because of friendship of officials. Serving to partners is tapped by the measures of OCBI and serving to association is tapped by the measures of OCBO (Hooi, 2012). Extraverts may be more keen on helping a partner become acquainted with a social club or to make plans for a gathering at home and additionally at working environment. In the current reading, managers who were hard-working stated that they affianced in nationality deeds by diving in to help their colleagues too for the entire association. As predictable, harmonized with the answers in the accessible, thoroughness was definitely connected to OCB (Hakim et al., 2014). This says that, being more worried with job achievement, business progression relational associations, thorough individuals display additional serving deeds focused in the direction of association persons. Maximum of the readings groping persona with respect to OCB infrequently use self-governing processes of OCB, even the hardly any of readings that do so have originate little sustenance for this association. As confirmed in the contemporary training, character is likely to have equivalent associations with OCBO OCBI. Upcoming study might advantage from unique amid separately managerially directed citizenship conducts when exploratory this concepts connotation with persona. To determine the amount of alteration explained by character, all of the persona factors were arrived on the first step. Together, these variables accounted for 17% of the alteration in OCBI. Therefore, friendliness was meaningfully swaying the organizational citizenship actions absorbed in the direction of persons. Consequences, recompenses and relational associations and managerial procedures were too important forecasters as well. Behaviour issues were prognostic of citizenship activities was not surprising. Findings of present study suggest that individually directed helping behaviours are a function of specific persons character in addition to the managerial climate. Though this might be major assumption there are certain stimulating belongings credited to managerial climate which ask for stating (Khaola, 2008). Honesty in the communiqu procedure, relations amid the additional memberships in the association seems to have significant effect on OCBI. So though it might be that courteous workers incline to involve in serving deeds in the direction of related workers, Persons who are great on cordiality incline to be kindly, obliging, polite, supple, accepting, and gullible are additional probable to aid pro-social performance in the direction of companion cluster associates. These performances are too a consequence of actual communiqu within the association. Surely one can see how failures in communiqu can bring about feelings of separation thus frustrate the incidence of serving deeds. This is a vital discovery since there are ways to ease actual communiqu configurations inside administrations (Mahembe and Engelbrecht, 2014). As soon as more is known about the dissimilar penalties credited to OCBI, it might be that developments to zones of communiqu might be used to ease these anticipated consequences. Conclusion: The 4 managerial weather measurements (consequences, plunders relational affairs, structural procedures, lucidity of parts and distribution of info and unselfish conduct) were arrived on the second stage. The consequences of the reading too designated that thoroughness and resourcefulness (that is honesty to involvement) was the important character forecaster of OCBO. Meticulousness is prognostic of OCBO as subsequent standards and guidelines and forecasting and establishing nature of administrators delivers a straightforward ground work for attending to the association (S.Suresh and P. Venkatammal, 2010). Imagination is extrapolative of OCBO since this character peculiarity lets for better directness to the promises of the administrations future state and less decisions of its historical errors. Furthermore the administrative weather magnitudes structural procedures unselfish performance was the important forecaster OCBO. These consequences provision preceding literature which proposes managerial environment scopes and character issues underwrite to organizational citizenship deeds. References: Alizadeh, Z., darvishi, S., Nazari, K. and Emami, M. (2012). Antecedents and Consequences of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB).Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business, 3(9). Bukhari, Z. (2009). Key Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the Banking Sector of Pakistan.IJBM, 3(12). Carpenter, N., Berry, C. and Houston, L. (2013). A meta-analytic comparison of self-reported and other-reported organizational citizenship behavior.J. Organiz. Behav., 35(4), pp.547-574. Escribano, P. and Espejo, A. (2010). SUPPORTING OR CHALLENGING THE STATUS-QUO: ANTECEDENTS OF OCB AND TAKING CHARGE BEHAVIORS.Academy of Management Proceedings, 2010(1), pp.1-6. Hakim, W., Nimran, U., Haerani, S. and Alam, S. (2014). The Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and TheirEffect on Performance:Study on Public University in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(2), pp.05-13. Hooi, L. (2012). Organisational justice, organisational citizenship behaviour and job satisfaction: what is the relationship?.JIBED, 6(3/4), p.274. Khaola, P. (2008). Organisational citizenship behaviour within learning environments.The International Journal of Management Education, 7(1), pp.73-80. Mahembe, B. and Engelbrecht, A. (2014). The relationship between servant leadership, organisational citizenship behaviour and team effectiveness.SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 40(1). S.Suresh, and P. Venkatammal, (2010). Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour.Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 36(2), pp.276-286.

The History of Baseball Essays - Baseball Rules, Team Sports

Steven Wolfert Core:1 The History Of Baseball Now a thriving industry,baseball has come very far from it bad beggining. Today all around the world proffesional and non-proffesional players play baseball,or a similar version of bat and ball games.There have been many versions of bat and ball games played such as baseball,lapa(Russia),rounders,(England)cricket,and town ball(Germany). In the early 1800's people made the first pair of rules for Round ball,these rules were that each team pitched to themselves, bases were run in a clockwise direction and players could be out by swinging and missing three pitched balls or by being hit with the ball while moving between bases.According to 19century baseball.com,Alexander J. Cartwright is known as the father of baseball,because he trained a team called the knickerbonckers. Cartwright wrote twenty rules, which were published and known as the "20 Original Rules of Baseball". The first recorded game played under the Knickerbocker Rules, and took place on June 19, 1846, when the Knickerbocke rs lost to the N.Y Baseball Club,23?1 in four innings.This also became known as the first ever recorded baseball game. In 1860 a Foul Ball Post was to be placed 100 feet from both third and first base in line with home base. The post was used to help the judge decide whether a batted ball landed in fair or foul ground. Player Henry Chadwick suggested that the correct size of the bases should be 17 inches by 14 inches. It is not known if bases these dimensions were ever used. The oldest bat and ball games were played in Egypt around 2000 years ago.